Universal consent does NOT cover which of the following?

Universal consent typically applies to general, routine procedures and interventions that are considered part of standard care, such as medication administration, noninvasive diagnostic tests, and routine health assessments. However, it does not encompass surgical or invasive diagnostic procedures, which require a more specific and detailed consent process due to the potential risks involved.

Surgical or invasive procedures often come with greater risks, necessitating clear and informed consent from the patient or their guardian. This consent process involves explaining the procedure, potential risks, benefits, and alternatives to ensure that the individual fully understands what they are consenting to, which goes beyond the scope of universal consent. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to obtain explicit consent for these types of interventions to uphold ethical and legal standards in medical practice.