What is the feeling of needing to pass stools when the bowels are already empty called?

The feeling of needing to pass stools when the bowels are already empty is referred to as tenesmus. This term specifically describes the persistent urge to defecate, often accompanied by discomfort or pain in the rectum, even when there is no stool present to be expelled. This phenomenon can occur in conditions affecting the gastrointestinal tract, such as inflammatory bowel disease, rectal ulcers, or infections.

Constipation generally refers to infrequent or difficult bowel movements, while diarrhea involves the frequent passage of watery stools. Impaction describes a severe form of constipation where stool becomes hard and difficult to pass, leading to a blockage. Tenesmus stands out from these conditions as it highlights the urge and discomfort associated with bowel movements despite the absence of stool. This distinct symptom can be an important clinical sign, leading to further investigation of underlying gastrointestinal issues.