Which of the following is included in universal consent?

Universal consent refers to an agreement that allows healthcare providers to administer care without needing specific consent for every individual procedure or task. The components included under universal consent commonly encompass routine and non-invasive medical interventions that are part of standard patient care.

Medication administration and noninvasive diagnostic tests are included in universal consent because they are considered routine procedures that generally do not pose significant risks. Patients typically give consent for these common practices when they receive care at a healthcare facility, as they are expected components of treatment that enhance patient outcomes.

In contrast, the other options encompass procedures and interventions that may carry varying degrees of risk or involve a higher level of complexity. Surgery and anesthesia, for instance, usually require specific, informed consent due to the potential for significant complications and the need for detailed explanations of the procedures involved. Similarly, invasive procedures and rehabilitation therapies generally require explicit consent from the patient after thorough discussions about the risks and benefits, making them outside the scope of universal consent. All medical procedures could imply a range of interventions, many of which might also fall outside the umbrella of universal consent due to their nature.

Therefore, the correct answer highlights aspects of care that are routinely assumed by patients in the context of healthcare delivery, aligning with the principles of universal consent.